Doxycycline
StructureActive substance - doxycycline.
Pharmacological action
Pharmacological action - antimicrobic, antibacterial (bacteriostatic). After intake practically it is completely absorbed. Has high degree of solubility in lipids and low affinity concerning calcium linkage. It is stable in plasma. The pleural exudate, ascitic liquids, in bile. Collects in bones, a teeth, a liver, a lien, a prostate, frames therapeutic concentration in eye tissues. Gets through a placenta and it is found out in a foetus organism. Concentrates in a liver, it is allocated with bile, urine and excrements in considerable quantities and biologically active form. The cumulation is possible. Forms insoluble complexes with calcium in bones and a teeth. The antibacterial range is similar to Tetracyclinum. It is active concerning the majority of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including Mycoplasmas, chlamydias, brucellas, vibrioes, clostridiums, the elementary (a malarial plasmodium, an ameba, etc.). In ophthalmologic practice it is used for treatment of ulcerative keratites stafilo - strepto - and a pneumococcal aetiology. In a combination to quinine it is highly effective at malaria treatment.
Indications to usage
The infections caused Haemophilus influenzae, intracellular pathogenic microorganisms (chlamydias, mycoplasmas) ; infectious diseases: a spotty fever of rocky mountains, typhoids, a bacillar and amebic dysentery, a tularemia, a cholera, illness Lima (I stage), an actinomycosis, a malaria, a canicola fever, a trachoma, a psittacosis,etc.; diseases of ENTs-organs and the bottom departments of respiratory tracts (a sinusitis, an otitis, a tonsillitis, an acute bronchitis, exacerbations of a chronic bronchitis, a pneumonia, a pleuritis), a cholecystitis, a cholangitis, a peritonitis, a proctitis, a periodontitis, infections of urinary ways, an urogenital mycoplasmosis, inflammatory diseases of organs of a small basin in an acute stage at women (endometritis), an acute prostatitis, an epididymitis, a gonorrhea, a syphilis, purulent infections of a skin and soft tissues, infectious ulcerative keratites. Preventive maintenance surgical infections after medical abortions, operations on a colon, preventive maintenance of the malaria caused Plasmodium falciparum, at short-term travel (less than 4 months) in territory where resistance of a plasmodium to chloroquine and-or pirimetamin-sulfadoksinu is noted.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, porphyria, serious hepatic insufficiency, leukopenia, pregnancy (second half), feeding by a breast (for treatment it is necessary to refrain from thoracal feeding), age till 9 years (the period of development of a teeth).
Side effects
Giddiness, sweating, vascular collapse, good-quality intracranial hypertensia at adults and a diverticulum of fontanels at children, a nausea, vomiting, an anorexia, a diarrhoeia, a constipation, a dysphagia, a glossitis, an esophagitis, a dysbacteriosis, fungoid infections, reinfections refractory strains, an eosinophilia, a neutropenia, a photosensitization, a steady discoloration of an adamantine substance of tooth, allergic reactions (an eruption, a dermal itch, a Quincke's edema).
Interaction
The absorption reduces simultaneous reception of iron preparations, Sodium hydrogenum, aluminium, calcium or magnesian antacids. Barbiturates, carbamazepine, Phenytoinum, rifampicin reduce concentration in plasma and reduce the semideducing period (an induction of monooxygenases and biotransformation acceleration), that can lead to depression of antimicrobial effect. Reduces bactericidal action of Penicillinums. The regular use of alcohol enlarges T1/2.
Overdosage
There is no data.
Special indicatings
Treatment of the infections caused strepto - and staphilococcuses, is possible only after definition of sensitivity of microorganisms to doxycycline. For preventive maintenance of ulcerations of an esophagus it is necessary to accept with a liquid considerable quantity. During treatment and within 4-5 days after it the direct insolation. At long application it is necessary to supervise regularly cellular structure of peripheric blood, to spend functional hepatic assays, to define nitrogen and urea in Serum. Sodium sulfitums containing in a syrup can cause allergic reactions up to an anaphylaxis and serious attacks of a bronchial asthma.Probably false rising of level of catecholamins in urine at their definition by a fluorescent method.
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