Nitrofurantoin
NitrofurantoinPharmacological action
The antimicrobic preparation, is to Nitrofuranum derivatives. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic an effect has at infections of urinary ways, possesses a wide spectrum of action. It is active concerning the majority of strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Shigella sonnei, Proteus, Enterobacter spp.
The preparation is effective at treatment of infectious diseases of urinary ways.
Pharmacokinetics
After intake of Nitrofurantoin preparation the active substance is well absorbed from GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Presence of nutrition at a stomach can enlarge degree of absorption of a nitrofurantoin. The active substance gets through a placenta, is allocated with thoracal milk. The nitrofurantoin is metabolized in a liver and a muscular tissue, completely deduced from an organism by kidneys (to 50 % in not changed kind).
Indications to application
The infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to a preparation:
Pyelitis;
Pyelonephritis;
Cystitis;
Urethritis;
Preventive treatment at urological operations, cytoscopies, catheterizations.
Dosage regimen
The adult prescribe inside on 100-150 mg 3-4 times a day. Course of treatment - 5-8 days. In the absence of effect during this period to continue treatment it is inexpedient.
The maximum doses: single - 300 mg, daily - 600 mg.
To children the preparation is prescribed usually from calculation by of 5-8 mg/kg a day in 3-4 receptions.
Side effect
The anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoeia, hepatitis, cholestatic icterus are possible sensation of discomfort in epigastriums; tussis, a pain in a thorax, a dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates, an intersticial pneumonitis or a fibrosis, a dyspnea, depression of indicators of function of external breath; a headache, a nystagmus, giddiness, drowsiness; a leukopenia, an eosinophilia, a granulocytopenia, an agranulocytosis, a thrombocytopenia, a hemolitic anaemia ; a superinfection of a genitourinary tract, more often caused by a pyocyanic rod; an urticaria, a Quincke's edema, a dermal itch, an eruption. Very seldom - an anaphylactic shock, an attack of a bronchial asthma (at patients with an asthma in the anamnesis), a medicinal fever, an exfoliative dermatitis, an arthralgia.
Contraindications
The expressed disturbances of secretory function of kidneys;
Oliguria;
Insufficiency gljukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy;
Pregnancy;
Early children's age (till 1 month);
Hypersensibility to Nitrofuranum derivatives.
Special indicatings
A diabetes, disturbance of electrolytic balance, insufficiency of vitamins of group B expressed by renal insufficiency. The preparation should not be prescribed for treatment of diseases of cortical substance of kidneys, at a purulent paranephritis and a prostatitis. For reduction of risk of occurrence of by-effects from the party GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT the preparation is desirable for prescribing with nutrition or milk. Nitrofurantoin do not prescribe in a combination with the preparations causing disturbances of function of kidneys. At Nitrofurantoin application in a lactemia it is necessary to solve a question on the termination of thoracal feeding.
Medicinal interaction
At Nitrofurantoin appointment simultaneously with Acidum nalidixicum (Negramum) the antibacterial effect can decrease.
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